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DEFECTIVE VERBS.

205.

Some verbs have lost the Present System, and use only tenses of the Perfect, in which they are inflected regularly. These are -



coepí,[1][Root AP (as in apíscor) with co(n-).] I began ódí,[2][Root OD, as in odium.] I hate meminí,[3][Root MEN, as in méns.] I remember



INDICATIVE PERFECT coepí
PLUPERFECT coeperam óderam memineram
FUTURE PERFECT coeperó óderó memineró
SUBJUNCTIVE PERFECT coeperim
PLUPERFECT coepissem ódissem meminissem
IMPERATIVE
mementóte
INFINITIVE PERFECT coepisse
FUTURE coeptúrus esse ósúrus esse
PERFECT coeptus, begun ósus, hating or hated FUTURE


a. The passive of coepí is often used with the passive infinitive: as, coeptus sum vocárí, I began to be called, but coepí vocáre, I began to call. For the present system incipió is used.

NOTE: Early and rare forms are coepió, coepiam, coeperet, coepere.



b. The Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect of ódí and meminí have the meanings of a Present, Imperfect, and Future respectively: -

NOTE 1: A present participle meminéns is early and late.

NOTE 2: Nóví and c=onsu=ev=i (usually referred to nóscó and cónsuéscó) are often used in the sense of I know (have learned) and I am accustomed (have become accustomed) as preteritive verbs. Many other verbs are occasionally used in the same way (see 476. N.).